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1894年香港政府打鼠疫,就像打「喪屍」般恐怖

寄件者 Richard的多元資訊站

最近中國青海等地爆發了一場鼠疫,幸好沒有做成重大的傷亡,其實在1894年香港英殖民時代,便曾發生過一場嚴重的鼠疫,據不完整統計,當時共死了2千5百多人,比2003年香港SARS爆發時的死亡人數還要多出十倍,當時香港人口只有24萬,卻有多達8萬多人為逃避疫症而離開香港,佔香港人口達三分之一,華人除了害怕疫大症外,亦因文化理念的不同而不信任西醫的治療,不過當大家知道他們對待病人手法,猶如《惡靈古堡》(生化危機)中對待被T病毒(會使受感染者變成喪屍)感染的人時,相信都會抱持著「走為上著」的心態,以下是一段相關記錄:

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“As for Hong Kong, the plague there is being dealt with solely by the foreign officials. A friend who arrived at Canton from that island yesterday, spoke of the enormous number of fatalities there, and the foreign methods of dealing with the plague, which appear to us ridiculous enough. He said that when a person is stricken with the plague at Hong Kong the foreign officials take them to the floating hospital moored in the mid-stream. First they make the patient swallow 12 oz. of brandy, mixed with some kind of liquid medicine. Then they put six pounds of ice on top of the patient’s head, while the chest, hands and feet are also loaded with a pound of ice each. In this manner, not one person out of ten manages to leave the floating hospital alive. Searchers are also sent during the day time into the various dwelling-houses and if they happen to see some one in a recumbent position or taking a nap, he is pounced upon as having been plague-stricken, and the unlucky person is forcibly taken to the floating hospital where with the remedies above mentioned his life is soon taken away. In this way numberless persons have met an undeserved fate.” (16)

In this tense atmosphere, doctors resorted to carrying pistols and government officials secured a gunboat to restore order. Meanwhile, Lowson “joined men from the Shropshire Light Infantry to search for plague victims.” (13) He wrote: “On a miserable sodden matting soaked with abominations there were four forms stretched out. One was dead, the tongue black and protruding. The next had the muscular twitching and semi-comatose condition heralding dissolution. In searching for a bubo we found a huge mass of glands…Another sufferer, a female child about ten years old, lay in accumulated filth of apparently two or three days. The fourth was mildly delirious.” (17)

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(資源來源:Hong Kong Bubonic Plague Epidemic 1894 & Discovery of the Plague Bacillus
http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=462 )

當時政府當局派軍隊四處搜索「懷疑受鼠疫感染者」,他們甚至會把一些看來只來只是躺著或午睡的人都當作「懷疑受鼠疫感染者」,這些人會被強行帶到醫院船「海之家」(Hygeia,即健康女神),所有「病人」都要被迫服用12安士混合白蘭地的西藥,同時為了要「退燒」,把6磅冰敷在「病人」的頭上,另在胸、手及腳分別敷上1磅冰,在此種療法下,10個中幾乎沒有1個可以有命離開醫船。由於這種「暴力政策」令人反感,為了恢復秩序,醫生要配帶「手槍」,政府則派出「炮艦」,以對付反抗的人,很多華人亦因此策而不肯自動就醫。

寄件者 Richard的多元資訊站

其實當時香港鼠疫感染者98%都是華人,死亡率高達95%以上,非華人的死亡率則比較低,但不論原因為何,此種療法無論怎樣看都是可笑及無用,甚至會加重病程,以西醫理論來說一來使用的藥物對病源體(鼠疫桿菌)應無針對作用(那時還未有抗生素),二來發燒本身不會「燒壞腦」,但在發燒時強行退燒卻是一種幫倒忙的行為,等於把身體對抗疾病的自然本能打壓下去,再加上疫症本身的強大傷力,難怪病人連九死一生的生存機率也沒有。

實際上當時西醫除了在發現病源體、推行滅鼠拆屋等衛生措施能「比較」有效對抗疫症外(最終鼠疫向世界各地擴散,至1950年代為止,香港也要到1926年才把此風土病消滅,這30年間共2萬香港人死於鼠疫),在治療上可以說一點辦法也沒有。

當時的西醫同樣視自己的醫學為優越先進,即使面對「自己不懂治好亦沒有研究過如何治好」的鼠疫,仍堅持自己的「錯誤療法」一定是最好,在疫症初期對東華三院用西醫「所不懂及沒有研究過」的中醫藥表示懷疑不信任,有些西醫還把高死亡率的任責推在東華醫院上,幸好不久就平反了,英政府後來都承認東華醫對華人「病向淺中醫」上有所貢獻,只是西醫主導的情況卻越來越嚴重,最終由19世紀華人不信任西醫,到20世紀則幾乎全都盲信了,直到現在情況也差不了多少。

中文參考資料: 維基百科 1894年香港鼠疫
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1894%E5%B9%B4%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%BC%A0%E7%96%AB%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC&variant=zh-tw

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原文: http://richardfx.blogspot.com/2009/08/1894.html